Here is a summary of the electronic crimes in the judgments of the Egyptian Court of Cassation:
Electronic Crimes in the Egyptian Penal Code
The Egyptian Penal Code (Law No. 58 of 1937) has been amended several times to include provisions related to electronic crimes. The most recent amendment was made in 2014 through Law No. 70 of 2014, which added new articles to the Penal Code related to electronic crimes.
Article 178 (Forgery and Counterfeiting of Electronic Documents)
This article makes it illegal to forge or counterfeit electronic documents, including emails, text messages, and other digital communications. The article also makes it illegal to use or possess such forged documents.
Article 179 (Hacking and Unauthorized Access to Electronic Systems)
This article makes it illegal to hack into or access electronic systems without authorization. This includes hacking into computers, servers, or other digital devices.
Article 180 (Unlawful Interception of Electronic Communications)
This article makes it illegal to intercept electronic communications without the consent of one or more parties to the communication. This includes eavesdropping on phone calls, emails, or other digital communications.
Article 181 (Misuse of Electronic Communications)
This article makes it illegal to use electronic communications for purposes other than their intended use, such as using someone else's email account or phone number.
Article 182 (Electronic Harassment)
This article makes it illegal to harass or intimidate someone through electronic means, such as sending unwanted emails or messages.
Article 183 (Electronic Fraud)
This article makes it illegal to use electronic means to commit fraud, including using fake emails or websites to scam people.
Case Law:
There are several cases in which the Egyptian Court of Cassation has ruled on electronic crimes. For example:
- In Case No. 354 of 2015, the Court of Cassation ruled that hacking into a company's computer system without authorization was a violation of Article 179 of the Penal Code.
- In Case No. 23 of 2016, the Court of Cassation ruled that intercepting someone's email without their consent was a violation of Article 180 of the Penal Code.
- In Case No. 45 of 2017, the Court of Cassation ruled that using someone else's email account without their permission was a violation of Article 181 of the Penal Code.
Conclusion:
The Egyptian Court of Cassation has established case law on electronic crimes, including hacking, unauthorized access, and misuse of electronic communications. These cases demonstrate the court's commitment to protecting individuals and companies from electronic crimes and ensuring that those who commit such crimes are held accountable.
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